Lactose Intolerance

Lactose intolerance is a common digestive condition in which the body is unable to effectively digest lactose, the primary sugar found in milk and dairy products. This occurs due to a deficiency of lactase, the enzyme produced in the small intestine that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose for absorption. Individuals with lactose intolerance may experience symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after consuming lactose-containing foods or beverages.

The prevalence of lactose intolerance varies among different populations, being more common in individuals of East Asian, African, and Mediterranean descent compared to those of Northern European ancestry. Diagnosis typically involves hydrogen breath tests, lactose tolerance tests, or genetic assessments to determine lactase persistence.

Managing lactose intolerance primarily involves dietary modifications, such as reducing or eliminating lactose intake, opting for lactose-free dairy alternatives, or using lactase enzyme supplements to aid digestion. Additionally, many people with lactose intolerance can tolerate small amounts of dairy or consume fermented dairy products like yogurt and certain cheeses, which have lower lactose levels.

Proper management of lactose intolerance is essential to maintain nutritional balance, as dairy products are significant sources of calcium, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients. Consulting with healthcare professionals or dietitians can help individuals develop balanced eating plans that accommodate their digestive needs while ensuring adequate nutrient intake.